African tropical forests of the equatorial belt might receive significant input of extra nitrogen derived from biomass burning occurring in the north savanna belt and transported equatorward by northeastern winds.In order to test this hypothesis an experiment was set up in a tropical rain forest in the Ankasa Game Reserve and Nini-Suhien National P

The phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi produces five major pectate lyases that are key Suspension virulence factors in soft-rot disease development.Using transcriptional fusions, we studied the regulation of pelA, pelD, and pelE gene expression as a function of variation of the external pH.pelA and pelD were expressed when bacteria were

Chronic pruritus is a major symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD).Its etiopathogenesis is complex, and an understanding of the driving factors of its pathogenesis allows for the development of new molecule-targeted therapies.Dupilumab, targeting and blocking interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) molecules, has shown great efficacy in treating

Cynthia J Schoen,1,* Jacob N Ablin,2,* Eric Ichesco,1 Rupal J Bhavsar,3 Laura Kochlefl,1 Richard E Harris,1 Daniel J Clauw,1 Richard H Gracely,4 Steven E Harte1 1Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 2Institute of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Suorasky Medical Center, and Sackle